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Pass the…Trauma?

It’s well known that we get our eye color and height from our parents. But did you know that trauma can also be passed down? Emotional or psychological trauma is defined as a deeply distressing or disturbing experience – like abuse, violence, grief, or loss. Author Resmaa Menakem explained that “trauma is a wordless story our body tells itself about what is safe and what is a threat.”

According to the World Health Organization, 70% of people will experience trauma in their lifetime. Trauma involving interpersonal violence has the highest risk for diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Sexual violations and assault account for over 42% of PTSD diagnoses. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as violence in the home, substance abuse, parental mental illness, chronic instability, homelessness, and food insecurity are all considered forms of childhood trauma.

So, how does trauma get passed down?

There are different pathways that trauma can creep from one generation to the next. One obvious way is through behavior and modeling. A child who witnesses a parent being physically violent may become physically aggressive in their future relationships.

Trauma, even hidden trauma like molestation, can become normalized within the family unit; it seeps in and becomes part of the family norms. Family members learn to “deal with it,” keep it quiet, or ignore it. Family secrets fester in avoidant silence. Once it leaches into the family’s tapestry, unprocessed trauma gets passed down to future generations.

Another pathway is through genes. There is a growing body of research that has discovered a genetic component to trauma. You may hear the term “epigenetics,” which, simplified, is whether the expression of a gene is turned on or off. Epigenetics helps to explain how information can be carried or transferred through the genes from a parent to their offspring.

A research team at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in Manhattan, NY found that pregnant women who had been exposed to the World Trade Center attacks (“9-11” terrorist attacks) transmitted trauma to their unborn fetuses. The researchers measured stress hormones and found abnormal levels in both the mothers and their babies. Experiencing trauma in the third trimester seemed to have the most prominent effects (Yehuda, 2022).

Trauma that makes its way into our “gene expression” can cause us to be more susceptible to its effects. This genetic predisposition can impact how someone responds to and/or recovers from trauma or adverse experiences. From the book, My Grandmother’s Hands, our bodies store trauma and “intense survival energy” which is then passed down to our children and grandchildren.

So how do we interrupt these patterns? One place to start is to trace the family history of trauma, as well as the ways in which your family members and cultural group/s have shown resilience. Determine how anger, stress, or emotional numbing may be tied to your family’s history. Learn how to manage “activators” or things that cause trauma/stress reactions in your family. Seek help from a mental health professional (therapist) who can help you identify adaptive ways of coping and can offer tools for working through trauma.

There are things you can do, starting now, to interrupt cycles and move toward healing.

1. Unaddressed behavioral health disorders
2. Practice anchoring and grounding through deep breathing, listening to soothing sounds, resting, meditating, or praying
3. Use multi-sensory calming techniques: visual imagery + body scanning + soothing sounds + warmth or cooling on your skin.

My personal favorite is journaling. Here are some journal prompts that can guide your narratives:

• What do I know about my family’s trauma history?
• How does hurt from my past show up in my current life?
• Dear younger self…
• Love letter to myself…
• What is a healing practice in my family or culture that I can implement in my life?

Dr. Cochran works with Teen Health Connection’s Independent Psychological Assessment program, providing in depth clinical assessments, history review, and extensive recommendations for youth entering the custody of the Department of Social Services-Youth and Family services due to abuse, neglect, or dependency. In her daily work, Dr. Cochran sees the impact of intergenerational trauma unfold in the youth and families she serves. The trauma-informed assessment practice of the IPA program helps to link youth and families with care and supports to address the multiple layers of intergenerational trauma.

References

https://dictionary.apa.org/intergenerational-trauma
https://iuhealth.org/thrive/generational-trauma-breaking-the-cycle-of-adverse-childhood-experiences
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-parents-rsquo-trauma-leaves-biological-traces-in-children/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/06/12/generational-trauma-passed-healing/
https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-is-intergenerational-trauma
https://www.who.int/news/item/06-08-2013

Safe Love Could Be Misinterpreted

The start of teenage dating is a stressful moment for any parent as they see their child growing up.  Conversations around dating and romance are usually never easy!  But it is important to have conversations about relationships, respect, and safety, and to establish yourself as someone your teen can always turn to for relationship advice or protection.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 in 12 adolescents in the United States have experienced physical or sexual dating violence.

• 7.2% of heterosexual students have reported physical violence, while 13.1% of gay, lesbian, and bisexual students and 16.9% of questioning students have experienced physical dating violence.1
• 9.3% of adolescent females and 7% of males reported that they have experienced physical dating violence.1
• 12.6% of females and 3.8% of males reported having experienced sexual dating violence.1
• 6.7% of heterosexual students, 16.4% of gay, lesbian, and bisexual students, and 15% of questioning students reported that they had experienced sexual dating violence.1
• 65.5% of adolescents report being victims of psychological dating violence, making it the most common form of dating violence among adolescents.2
• Around 48% of adolescents were victims of stalking or harassment by a former or current partner.3

Look Out for Signs of Teen Dating Violence

It can be challenging to recognize the signs of an unhealthy relationship, whether it be a teen’s own relationship or that of one of their friends.
Someone might be in a potentially unsafe relationship if their partner:

• Makes frequent calls or texts to find out where they are, who they are with, or what they are doing\
• Is jealous, possessive, or controlling
• Makes false accusations
• Has unexpected moments of anger or rage or an explosive temper
• Ignores their opinion
• Keeps them away from friends or family
• Does not let them do what they like
• Follows them or shows up uninvited
• Invades their privacy
• Gets angry very quickly or fights a lot
• Threatens suicide or self-harm
• Threatens to hurt them or someone in the family
• Refuses to accept when a relationship is ended
• Uses alcohol or drugs and expects them to do so as well
• Touches or kisses them when they do not want to be touched
• Forces intimacy
• Taunts or bullies them
• Destroys their property
• Threatens physical violence
• Shoves, punches, slaps, pinches, kicks, hits, or hurts them in any physical way

Consequences of Teen Dating Violence

Ending an unsafe relationship is hard. The majority of girls who experience violence in an intimate relationship continue to date that individual. The consequences of staying in these relationships are far worse than the difficulty to leave. According to the CDC, adolescents who have or are experiencing dating violence are more likely to:

• Experience higher rates of depression and anxiety.
• Exhibit antisocial behaviors, such as lying, bullying, theft, or physical violence.
• Engage in unhealthy behaviors, like using alcohol, tobacco, or drugs.
• Contemplate suicide.

Tips for Adults

Parents, caregivers, and other trusted adults need to have conversations with teens about their relationships. Below are some of the ways parents can help empower and foster healthy relationships with their teens:

• Recognize Red Flags: Be vigilant for warning signs in your teen’s relationships.
• Encourage Open Dialogue: Foster a safe space for open communication, ensuring your teen feels comfortable discussing relationships, consent, and any concerns they may have.
• Educate on Boundaries: Teach the importance of setting and respecting healthy boundaries, emphasizing the significance of mutual consent in all interactions.
• Build Self-Esteem: Support your teen in cultivating a high sense of self-worth. Individuals with high self-esteem are less likely to tolerate abusive behavior.
• Teach Digital Safety Awareness: Educate teens about online safety, addressing the risks of cyberbullying and promoting responsible social media use.
• Promote Support Networks: Stress the value of a strong support system by encouraging your teen to build connections with friends, family, and mentors.
• Attend Community Events: Engage in community workshops or events, especially during Violence Prevention Month, to gather insights and resources for preventing teen dating violence.
• Know Available Resources: Familiarize yourself with educational programs and resources aimed at helping teens understand healthy relationships.
• Be Proactive: Actively participate in efforts to prevent teen dating violence, both at home and within the community.
• Practice Conflict: Disagreement is unavoidable in any relationship. Teach your teen to “fight fair” and negotiate disagreements respectfully, and to expect this in return.

Want more information on teen dating violence?

•  Talk to Teen Health Connection’s parent educator about more ways to discuss teen dating violence with your teen (Kris.Hawkins@TeenHealthConnection.org/704-381-8333)
• Talk to Teen Health Connection’s triage therapists if you’re worried about your teen being in or recovering from a violent relationship (704-381-8379)

Resources to Help End Teen Dating Violence

Know the resources to help those who have or are currently experiencing teen dating violence both in Charlotte and throughout the country.

• Teen Health Connection: 704-381-8379
  • Our behavioral health triage team can help connect teens to one of our behavioral health therapists to help in addressing the effects of being in a violent relationship and the many ways to begin healing from this trauma.

• The National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) or 1-800-787-3224
  • This line helps to provide crisis intervention, information, and referral to victims of domestic violence, perpetrators, friends, and families. The number is toll-free, confidential, and anonymous.

• The National Centers for Victims of Crime -1-800-FYI-CALL
  • This line can help find local victim services counselors for young people in need of help.

• The National Dating Abuse Hotline: 1-866-331-9474
  • This is a national 24-hour resource line specifically for teens and young adults. It is accessible by phone or online chat and offers real-time, on-on-one support.

• Mecklenburg County Prevention and Intervention Services: 704-336-3210
  • Specializes in domestic violence and substance use services for those in Mecklenburg County.

References

¹ “Fast Facts: Preventing Teen Dating Violence | Violence Prevention | Injury Center | CDC.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Jan. 2023, www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/teendatingviolence/fastfact.html.

² “Literature Review: Teen Dating Violence.” Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/model-programs-guide/literature-reviews/Teen- Dating-Violence#2-0

³ Rothman, E.F., Bahrami, E., Okeke, N., and Mumford, E. 2021. Prevalence of and risk markers for dating abuse–related stalking and harassment victimization and perpetration in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Youth & Society 53(6):955–978.

Wait! It’s not About Weight!

Setting and Keeping Boundaries with Your New Year Resolutions

Every year, teens and adults make New Year resolutions related to their health. “Eat healthier,” “exercise,” “lose weight.”

Being mindful of how we set our intentions, and how we communicate them to others, can have a big impact. The messages we send to our teens about their health when talking about resolutions can have a lifelong impact.

-Worldwide, over 70 million people have an eating disorder, including 5.5 million people in the United Sates (Deloitte, 2020).

-One in seven men and one in five women experience an eating disorder by age 40. In 95% of cases, these disorders began by age 25 (Ward et al., 2019).

-During the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of emergency department visits related to eating disorders increased dramatically, doubling for adolescent girls (CDC 2022).

Define your goals so your goals don’t define you:

If you or someone in your life made resolutions about their health, take a moment to better define and set boundaries for these goals. Don’t set goals in terms of pounds lost or hours in the gym. Focus on how these goals benefit your health and wellbeing overall.

Focus on the fun:

• Get active: Pick an activity you enjoy and get moving. Switch it up and have a dance party. Teens should be active for 60 minutes every day, but only 33% of Charlotte Mecklenburg High School students follow this advice 5 days/week (YRBS, 2021).
• Use the buddy system: Exercise with friends. Make meals with family members. Turn your goals into opportunities to interact and get support.

• Be specific about eating habits you want to change or adopt:
  • Snack intentionally: Choose whole foods (veggies, fruits, hard-boiled eggs) and brands that use natural, plant-based ingredients. Don’t keep problem foods around!
  • Eat more…

-Berries: Not only are they delicious but they have a variety of disease-fighting properties and even help to reduce cholesterol and regulates blood sugar.

-Fiber: Fiber helps lower cholesterol, regulates blood sugar, and helps you feel full for longer.

-Family meals: Learn about the nutritional properties and cultural importance of the foods you eat to help you be more mindful of what you eat.

• Think about the bigger implications of your goals:
  • • Teens who regularly eat breakfast score higher on standardized tests, have higher attendance rates, and have fewer behavioral and educational problems

Tips for Parents from our Parent Educator:

• Communication is Key: Just as a balanced diet and regular exercise are essential for physical health, a robust parent-teen relationship forms the foundation for emotional and mental well-being. Trust and open communication create an environment where teens feel secure and supported. When teens feel understood and accepted by their parents, they are more likely to make healthy choices in terms of diet, exercise, and lifestyle.
• Lead by Example: When parents model positive habits and engage in open conversations about nutrition and exercise, teens are more likely to adopt a similar approach. Shared family meals create an environment where healthy eating becomes a natural part of everyday life.
• Quality Time: Engaging in activities together, whether it’s a family hike, game night, or a shared cooking experience, fosters emotional bonds as well as a healthy lifestyle, improved cortisol levels and better overall physical health.
• Respect Autonomy: While it’s essential to be involved, respect your teen’s need for independence. Involve your teen in the decisions related to food choices and physical activities.

It’s not uncommon for teens to struggle with their health, body image, and self-esteem, especially with the power of today’s social media and the stressors of today’s schools and peer groups. These struggles, when not addressed, can lead to devasting consequences and lifelong challenges. It is estimated that 75% of people with an eating disorder don’t seek professional care (Hart et al., 2011).

Teen Health Connection has programs and services to prevent and intervene with these challenges. If your family is struggling with disordered eating or other health habits, or if you want more information on prevention and supporting your teens’ well-being, connect with our multidisciplinary team.

In this holiday season, many of us use the time to look back and reflect on what we have accomplished throughout the year and we begin to look forward to what we would like to strive to achieve in the next. Take time over the holidays to think about what is important to you, talk to your family members, and set meaningful goals. Be ready to step into 2024 the moment the clock strikes midnight on December 31!

One of the hardest things to do after setting a resolution for the new year is holding yourself accountable to reach your goal. It can help to set goals and work alongside someone else to encourage each other. For this New Year, help to improve yourself and your relationship with your family by setting goals together and working together to reach them. Below are some resolution ideas to help get you started.

Adolescent Resolutions

• Get between 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night.
• Seek more advice and feedback from trusted adults.
• Find your hobby and practice ways to handle stress such as reading, meditation, playing music, arts and crafts, or other interests.
• Take care of yourself both physically and mentally through exercise, good nutrition, and self-care
• Challenge yourself educationally – want to raise your grade? Apply to college? Learn a new subject?
• Volunteer in your community or become part of a community group to help others.
  • Teens: Think about joining the Teen Advisory Board in the fall or attend a Teen Leadership Summit.
• Commit to staying alcohol, tobacco, and drug-free in 2024!
  • Teens: Take our pledge to be alcohol, tobacco, and drug-free.
  • Adults: Take our pledge to practice prevention in your home.

Adult/Parent Resolutions

• Schedule regular time with your teen and do a family activity together, such as volunteering in the community, having a movie night once a week, or a weekly game night.
• Take time every day to practice active listening. Communicate and listen to your teen and find out what they really think about their friends, school, current events, and their future.
• Find ways to encourage your teens to be more independent and to not be afraid to make mistakes. This can help them both learn and grow as an individual.
  • Adults: Take a free parent education class or talk to our parent educator to learn more about supporting your teen’s independence.
• Cook family meals all together to share your culture and traditions, encourage good nutrition, and create memories.
• Schedule all your family’s preventative medical, dental, and vision visits and talk about the importance of healthcare with your teen.
• Model positive behaviors such as good nutrition and exercise, and responsibility around alcohol for your teen.

No matter what resolution(s) you choose for the New Year, it is all about being the best versions of yourselves physically, mentally, and emotionally. Focus on positive goals, like home-cooked meals and running longer distances, rather than counting calories or hours at the gym. Make them achievable and enjoy the process! Working together as a family can help strengthen your relationships and cultivate positive household habits – even if there are some bumps along the way!

Use this time over the holiday season to talk with your teen about what you each hope to achieve in the New Year and how you both can work together towards these goals.

Remember – we’re here to help!

As the winter holidays approach, our thoughts turn to festive gatherings, twinkling lights, and the joy of spending quality time with loved ones. It’s a time of celebration and connection, but as parents, caregivers, and mentors, it’s crucial to address the challenges our teens may face, especially when it comes to substance use risk.

WHY Discuss Substance Prevention During the Holidays?

The Holiday season, with all of its social events and increased independence for teens, can present unique challenges. While we want our young people to enjoy the festivities, it’s essential to equip them with the knowledge and tools to make healthy choices. Substance prevention conversations are not about dampening the holiday spirit but about fostering a sense of responsibility and empowerment.

Initiate Open and Honest Conversations

Approaching the topic of substance prevention may seem daunting, but open communication is key.  Ask open-ended questions about the news, events, or celebrities that they know about.  Be informed and explore your community’s data on teen substance use and risk (check out the CDC’s Youth Risk Behavior Survey).  Create a safe space for dialogue by actively listening to your teen’s thoughts and concerns and seek out new information together.

Set Clear Expectations and Consequences

During the holiday season, when routines may be more relaxed, it’s essential to maintain clear expectations regarding behavior. Reinforce the importance of responsible decision-making and establish consequences for violations. Ensure your teens understand the potential risks associated with substance use, both short-term and long-term.  Share your expectations, but also encourage them to express their own preferences, values, and boundaries.  Make sure everyone is in agreement with the expectations and consequences.

Promote Healthy Alternatives

Encourage your teens to engage in positive and fulfilling activities during the holidays. Whether it’s volunteering, pursuing hobbies, or spending quality time with family and friends, these alternatives divert teens from substance use opportunities, and also contribute to personal growth and well-being.

Seek Support and Community Resources

If you find that your teen is struggling or if you need additional guidance, don’t hesitate to seek support.

Teen Health Connection’s behavioral health triage clinicians at (704) 381-8336 can provide information on community services and resources as well as our own behavioral health care and prevention programs.

For more specialized substance use assessment and treatment services:

The Dilworth Center

Youth Substance Use Assessment and Prevention Programs
(704) 372-6969

Anuvia
Youth Substance Use Prevention and Intervention Programs
(704) 376-7447

As we navigate the holiday season, let’s prioritize the well-being of our teens by fostering open communication, staying informed, and promoting responsible choices. By approaching the topic of substance use with care and understanding, we can contribute to a safer and more enjoyable holiday experience for our teens, families, and communities.

At Teen Health Connection, we are always looking for new methods to help adolescents be the best version of themselves. One method of treatment that is on the rise is Brainspotting. Brainspotting is an adaptation of the well-known evidenced-based EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) treatment method. This brain-based treatment model harnesses the power of eye positioning to bypass the “thinking” part of your brain and access the deeper parts of your brain involved in emotional regulation. Overall, it has been found to be an effective form of therapy for a variety of mental health concerns, including trauma, anxiety, depression, physical pain, and other negative emotions. One of the main principles of Brainspotting is “where you look affects how you feel.”

Brainspotting can be a rapid, and effective type of therapy. Our brains are incredible processing
machines that digest and organize everything we encounter. Sometimes, traumatic experiences or strong emotions can overwhelm the brain, leaving behind unprocessed memories or emotions. Brainspotting attempts to reprocess negative emotions by focusing on your body-based sensations, rather than your thoughts. Ultimately, Brainspotting empowers patients to believe their body and brain have the ability to heal, and each patient is the expert in this healing journey.

At Teen Health Connection, we now have 5 certified Brainspotting therapists, and 4 more therapists beginning the process for certification. We have been able to immediately begin meeting the needs of our teens by using this new modality. Many of our patients have expressed experiencing a deeper processing of emotions and/or trauma by using the Brainspotting method. There are several long-term patients who were originally treated with a different trauma modality that have experienced resolution in their residual trauma-related symptoms by using Brainspotting.

Brainspotting has been a great addition to our toolkits as clinicians and has allowed us to better meet the needs of our patients. It has allowed them to feel empowered as we help them understand and believe that their brains know how to heal themselves and that we sometimes just need to get out of the way of our own thoughts. In doing this, they can become the experts on themselves, and therapists are the guides throughout the process.

At Teen Health Connection, we’re on a mission to empower and support the health and well-being of adolescents in our community. Thanks to the generosity of supporters like you, we continue to make a significant impact on the lives of teens and their families. In this edition of our newsletter, we’ll explore various ways you can contribute to our mission, ensuring a brighter future for the youth we serve.

1. Legacy / Planned Giving
Legacy or planned giving is a powerful way to leave a lasting impact on Teen Health Connection. By including us in your will or estate plan, you can create a legacy of support that will benefit teens for generations to come. Whether you choose to make a bequest, establish a charitable remainder trust, or designate us as a beneficiary of a retirement account or life insurance policy, your thoughtful planning will help us provide essential services for years to come. If you are interested in this option, please email Giving@TeenHealthConnection.org.

2. IRA Distributions
If you’re 70½ years old or older, you have the opportunity to make a Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD) directly from your IRA. This method can offer tax advantages while supporting our mission. QCDs are not included in your taxable income, making it a tax-efficient way to support Teen Health Connection. Consult your financial advisor to learn more about the benefits of this giving option. If you are interested in this option, please email Giving@TeenHealthConnection.org.

3. Stock Donations
Donating appreciated stock can be a tax-smart way to support Teen Health Connection. By contributing to our organization through a gift of appreciated stock, you can potentially avoid capital gains tax and receive a charitable deduction up to the fair market value of the stock. Consult your financial advisor for guidance on how to make such contributions. If you are interested in this option, please email Giving@TeenHealthConnection.org.

4. Donor Advised Funds
Donor Advised Funds (DAFs) offer a convenient and flexible way to support charitable organizations, including Teen Health Connection. You can establish a DAF with your preferred financial institution, contribute assets to it, and then recommend grants to us over time. This allows you to streamline your giving and maximize your impact. If you are interested in this option, please email Giving@TeenHealthConnection.org.

5. Online Gifts
Making online gifts is quick, easy, and secure. You can visit our website at: www.TeenHealthConnection.org/give-now and make a one-time donation or set up a recurring gift. Your online contributions directly support our programs, services, and outreach efforts. Plus, you’ll receive a receipt for your tax records, simplifying the process come tax season.
Your contributions, regardless of the method you choose, play a crucial role in our ability to provide essential healthcare, counseling, and education to teens facing various challenges. We are deeply grateful for your support, which enables us to make a positive difference in the lives of adolescents in our community.

If you have any questions about these giving options or would like to discuss your philanthropic goals further, please don’t hesitate to contact our development team at Giving@TeenHealthConnection.org. Together, we can continue to be a lifeline for the youth who rely on Teen Health Connection.

Thank you for your unwavering commitment to the health and well-being of Charlotte teenagers.

It is no secret or shock to many that the past few years have changed each of our lives to some capacity. Social distancing, school shutdowns, mask mandates, and the list goes on. As we returned to what we may see as “normalcy,” we have started to see a rise in homelessness in not only Charlotte, but also throughout the country, especially amongst adolescents and their families. This raises the question of how homelessness is defined, what are some of the major factors that contribute to adolescent homelessness, what are some of the statistics we are seeing in Charlotte, and available resources. Our Chief Psychologist, Dr. Jennifer Thomas, helps to answer these important questions.

How is homelessness defined?

Definitions of homelessness vary, often depending on various agencies and funding sources used to support programs and resources. The definition of homelessness generally includes emergency shelters, transitional housing, or unsheltered locations. For those youth who are unaccompanied by families or caregivers, the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act defines youth homelessness as “young people who cannot live in a safe environment with a relative and who have no other safe living arrangement.” Other federal definitions of homelessness include “lacking a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence.” Youth homelessness may also include living “doubled up” with other families; couch surfing or staying with friends or relatives; living in hotels or motels; being abandoned in hospitals; awaiting foster care placement; or sleeping in an unsheltered location (e.g., cars, parks, campgrounds, temporary trailers, or abandoned buildings). Notably, many homeless shelters do not accept unaccompanied minors.

Is homelessness on the rise, lowering, or remaining the same for adolescents in Charlotte?

According to the 2022 Charlotte-Mecklenburg State of Housing Instability & Homelessness Report, there were 3,260 people in Mecklenburg County experiencing homelessness (in shelters and unsheltered locations) in October 2022, reflecting an overall 3% increase in homelessness in the past year. This count of individuals experiencing homelessness included 364 families and 127 unaccompanied youth (ages 18-24) but is likely an underestimate given the challenges of identifying all unsheltered locations where individuals may live. Issues with the availability of affordable housing is identified as a significant factor contributing to the increase in homelessness. Notably, minor children ages 0-17 accounted for nearly 25% of the overall number of individuals experiencing homelessness.
During the 2021-2022 school year, 40% more students in Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools (CMS) were identified as eligible for McKinney-Vento than in 2020-2021, with a total of 4,206 living in doubled up situations in 2021-2022. The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (MVA) provides school access and support for academic success for students experiencing homelessness and housing instability.

What are some of the major factors that contribute to adolescent homelessness?

According to a national survey on unaccompanied youth homelessness in America, results show that one in 10 young adults ages 18-25 (an estimated 3.5 million) and at least one in 30 adolescents ages 13-17 (an estimated 700,000) experience homelessness unaccompanied by a parent or guardian over the course of a year (Missed Opportunities: Youth Homelessness in America, National Estimates, 2017). Poverty is a contributing factor to homelessness, and youth with lower household incomes were more likely to experience homelessness. Young parents had three times the risk of experiencing homelessness when compared to non-parenting peers. Young adults without a high school diploma or GED had 4.5 times the risk of experiencing homelessness compared to peers who completed high school. Youth of color and youth who identify as LGBTQ disproportionately experience homelessness and housing instability at higher rates. According to the 2021 National Survey on LGBTQ Youth Mental Health, 28% of LGBTQ youth reported experiencing homelessness or housing instability during their lifetime with many reporting being mistreated or kicked out due to their identity. Family conflict is often indicated as a reason youth give for their homelessness or running away.

What are the common struggles of adolescents who are identified as being homeless?

Youth experiencing unstable housing face higher risks for poor physical and behavioral health outcomes (McKinnon, et al., 2023). Periods of unstable housing might serve as barriers to accessing consistent, comprehensive physical and behavioral health care and may contribute to health challenges resulting from inadequate nutrition and food insecurity. Homelessness also can impact education, sense of safety, and overall development (American Psychological Association, 2022). Students experiencing homelessness are more than twice as likely to be chronically absent, more likely to change schools multiple times, to be suspended, have lower test scores, and have increased risk for dropping out than their peers experiencing housing stability. They also may have limited support systems, be more likely to experience adverse childhood events (ACEs), family rejection, and family instability.
National results from the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey indicated that 2.7% of US high school students experienced unstable housing (McKinnon, et al., 2023). Students experiencing unstable housing were more likely to engage in sexual risks behaviors, substance use, suicidal ideation and attempts, and to experience violence and victimization (McKinnon, et al., 2023; Smith-Grant et al., 2022). Alcohol and other substance use are 2-3 times more prevalent, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms is significantly higher among youth experiencing homelessness.

What are some resources that adolescents can use if they are experiencing homelessness?

The following programs focus on providing education, awareness, and support for local and national
initiatives that provide resources and work towards ending youth homelessness:
For information on McKinney-Vento Program services for CMS students, visit https://www.cmsk12.org/Page/9726.

The Family and Youth Services Bureau (FYSB) funds the National Runaway Safeline which includes a crisis hotline (1-800-RUNAWAY) and online services 24/7.
Locally, youth can contact The Relatives youth crisis center at 704-377-0602 for help with finding shelter and support.

National Substance Use Prevention Month is an observance to highlight the vital role of substance use prevention for both individual and community health. Millions of Americans suffer from a substance use disorder, including underage drinking, alcohol dependency, non-medical use of prescription drugs, misuse of over-the-counter medications, and illicit drug use. Our Teen Advisory Board Coordinator, Bain Brown, shares some of the statistics of substance use amongst adolescents and ways to combat these issues.

What trends are we seeing in the US?
The CDC’s 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) reports that about 30% of high school students reported substance use in the past 30 days. A significant portion, about 35%, of those students used multiple substances. Although there is still progress to be made, youth substance use in the U.S. has seen a decline over the past decade, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this decrease, substance use remains prevalent among high school students nationally. The reduction in substance use might be attributed to pandemic-related factors such as reduced peer contact and increased parental oversight. Given the evolving markets for alcohol and drugs, it is essential to continuously monitor these trends. Evidence-based prevention programs, such as the Teen Advisory Board at Teen health Connection, that target the factors contributing to youth substance use could help sustain and amplify this decline.

How does NC compare to the rates of the US as a whole?
North Carolina teens report similar rates of substance use as their peers across the nation. The 2021 YRBS reports that there is no significant difference between national and state rates of underage drinking and marijuana use among high school students in NC. However, North Carolina teens are more likely to use electronic vapor products, or e-cigarettes, with current use rates 5.8% higher than the national average. Additionally, the number of high school youth in NC who report taking a prescription medication (such as Vicodin, Oxycontin, or Percocet) without a doctor’s prescription is 3.6% higher than the national average. These higher rates of prescription drug misuse are alarming given the national increase in accidental overdoses due to Fentanyl poisoning.

What substances are most often used by adolescents?
In 2021, about 30% of U.S. high school students reported using substances like alcohol, marijuana, or misusing prescription opioids. Among these, alcohol (22.7%) and marijuana (15.8%) were the most used substances by these students.
What are some types of resources teens can use to help if they are struggling with substance abuse?
If you, or someone you know, needs help with a substance use disorder, call SAMHSA’s National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) or text your zip code to 435748 (HELP4U).

When looking at the statistics, we can see the importance of having prevention-based programs for adolescents in place as well as substance use education for both adolescents and parents. Here at Teen Health Connection, we offer different programs to help in these areas.

For adolescents, we have our Teen Advisory Board, who together work to promote the prevention of underage drinking and prescription drug misuse in Charlotte, North Carolina while also serving as the youth sector representatives on the Teen Health Connection Youth Drug-Free Coalition. If you would like to learn more or even join, visit our website using the link here or contact our Teen Advisory Board Coordinator, Bain Brown, at Bain.Brown@TeenHealthConnection.org.

For parents and guardians, we offer parenting classes on different topics surrounding different topics that are affecting teens today. If you are interested in learning more or would like to sign-up for one of our upcoming classes, you can see our schedule here or reach out to our parenting facilitator, Kris Hawkins, at Kris.Hawkins@TeenHealthConnection.org. You can also read Kris Hawkin’s latest topic for Substance Use Prevention month, Parental Monitoring: A Protective Factor Against Adolescent Substance Use to learn about the different ways parents can effectively monitor their teen(s).

Spotlight on Success: Jewel Wood – A Year After the Johnston Ziegler Youth Leadership Scholarship

Spotlight on Success: Jewel Wood

It is with great pleasure that we share an inspiring update on our outstanding scholarship recipient for the graduating class of 2023. Jewel Wood, the recipient of the Johnston Ziegler Youth Leadership Scholarship, has continued to shine brightly in her journey toward personal and academic success.

“Winning the JZ Scholarship has impacted my personal and academic journey significantly,” Jewel stated about winning the JZ Scholarship. “Without this scholarship, the financial burden on my family and I would’ve been overwhelmingly difficult. In fact, there was a period of time where I had to deeply consider attending other universities due to financial costs. However, once I heard that I won the JZ Scholarship, it stirred a sense of hope that attending my dream school, Howard University, could be a real possibility.”

We could not be prouder of the positive impact Jewel is making in the lives of those around her. She is a testament to the power of youth leadership and the potential for change when young individuals are given the support and resources they need. Thank you for your continued support, which allows us to nurture the potential of remarkable young leaders like Jewel Wood. We look forward to sharing more success stories and updates with you in the future!

If you would like to make a contribution to the Johnston Ziegler Youth Leadership Scholarship, click here.